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The Sultana Disaster

April 18, 2012 by | 1 Comment

When the boiler exploded aboard the steamer Sultana on April 27, 1865, more than 1,700 people lost their lives. Most of those aboard were recently released Union prisoners from Confederate prisons in Cahaba, Alabama, and Andersonville, Georgia. They were en route from Camp Fiske in Mississippi to Camp Chase, Ohio, but the explosion occurred only a few hours into the journey. In addition to the faulty boiler, the ship was also grossly overburdened with 2,200 passengers on a vessel built to carry 376.

Records relating to the Sultana Disaster, April 1865, are now available on Fold3. They include lists of the former prisoners who survived the disaster, with military service information and brief comments on their injuries. There are also lists of those who perished, yet not of the civilian survivors or those who died.

The enormity of the disaster led quickly to investigations. By January 1866, a court-martial was convened to charge Captain Frederick Speed, the man who volunteered to coordinate the transfer of prisoners, with “neglect of duty to the prejudice of good order and military discipline.” There are 647 documents in the court-martial case with testimonies, witness accounts, and statements by the defense and prosecution. After “nearly six long weary months” the trial came to a close. Capt. Speed was the only person charged in the incident. He was found guilty, yet the charges were later dismissed by Judge Advocate General Joseph Holt.

Using Fold3 on your mobile device.

April 6, 2012 by | 1 Comment

Fold3 on mobile devices
Over the past year we have been noticing an increase of mobile devices accessing Fold3. Likewise, we love using our mobile devices like the iPhone, iPad or others to access our favorite sites. It certainly can be convenient when you are on-the-go or want to quickly check something. So today we’re announcing a few updates we’ve been assiduously crafting behind the scenes for:

  • Responsive layouts that render Fold3 well on most web-enabled tablet devices (iPad & various Android tablet devices).
  • View a record image’s source information and member contributions. Simply click icon to view more info icon near the bottom left of an image. See here.
  • Easliy read our Featured Spotlights from any mobile device.

Try it out now: There is no need to download an ‘app’ from an App Store, simply visit Fold3 from your web browser and we format it for you device from there. We hope you enjoy and look for more to come.

Finding survivors from the Titanic Disaster 100 years later

April 4, 2012 by | Comments Off

Survivors from the RMS Titanic disaster in 1912

When the RMS Titanic sank on April 15, 1912, the disaster altered the world on many levels. Even now, 100 years later, the legacy of the Titanic still fascinates. The stories of those who survived and those who perished continue to be revealed.

At least four male survivors of a certain age (15-35 years old in 1912) lived to 1942 when they were required to register for the “Old Man’s Draft” in World War II. They completed and signed registration cards with their personal information:

The last on the list, William Bertram Greenfield, accompanied his mother Blanche on the Titanic. They both survived and are enumerated with their family members and servants in the 1930 U.S. census.

Millionaire Isidor Straus and his wife perished with the ship. Isidor, as a young man, is listed in the 1860 census in Georgia. He and his father reportedly ran blockades for the Confederacy in the Civil War with their dry goods business. In 1888, Straus became part owner of Macy’s department store in New York City.

Francis D. Millet, another Titanic victim, was a renowned sculptor. When only 17, he was a drummer for 100 days in the 16th Massachusetts Regiment. His father, Asa Millet, served briefly in 1861 as an Army surgeon but left due to ill health. While there are no documents on Fold3 for either service, Asa Millet’s signature appears in the Civil War “Widows’ Pensions” three times. Once in his role as a physician providing an affidavit, and twice witnessing signatures of widows Julia A. Saunders and Sarah B. Gould.

Like his son, Asa appears to have traveled abroad as evidenced by two passport applications. One in 1855 and another in 1873, both with particulars of his physical features, including that he had no sight in his right eye. Francis’ great grandfather, Thomas Millet, fought in the Revolutionary War. His pension file is on Fold3.

Although he perished aboard the Titanic, Francis left a legacy to U.S. military history. He designed the now obsolete Civil War Campaign Medal. It was issued to Union or Confederate soldiers and sailors for service during the war.

The Hesse Crown Jewels Court-Martial Case

March 28, 2012 by | 1 Comment

It reads like a story taken from a best-selling crime novel, yet it is a true criminal case of a jewel heist staged in a castle in the 1940s, starring U.S. military officers, German royalty, and $2.5 million in treasure. The tale is rife with deception, conspiracy, and international intrigue. The records are on Fold3.

Major David F. Watson, Colonel Jack W. Durant, and Captain Kathleen Nash were the perpetrators. The court cases for the three defendants, brimming with documents, photos, testimony, and correspondence, can be viewed in the Court-Martial Case Files Relating to the “Hesse Crown Jewels Case“, 1944-1952.

As the Allies moved into Germany toward the end of World War II, Prince Wolfgang of Hesse abandoned his family’s castle in Kronberg, north of Frankfurt, Germany. Before leaving, he placed family heirlooms and jewels in a zinc-lined box, buried it in a hole in the castle basement, and covered it with concrete, hoping it would be safely hidden until the end of the war. It wasn’t.

In April 1944, American Forces occupied the castle to use as an officers’ club. Shortly thereafter, Capt. Nash discovered the cache. She, along with Watson and Durant conspired to steal the valuables. Many of the items were sold in Switzerland and Ireland, the rest were mailed or smuggled to the U.S. The property—including jewelry, silverware, gemstones, and books—is identified in lists and photos within the court records. Details of how the heist came about can be found within Kathleen Nash Durant’s testimony at her trial, as well as in depositions by those who either stayed at the castle or encountered the trio at some point after the theft.

Col. Robert Q. Brown, in charge of the staff running the officers’ club in the castle, testified during Capt. Durant’s hearing that he “knew firsthand that the Castle was jam-full of valuables – pictures and all sorts of things.” But, “never heard secondhand or otherwise of any buried valuables.”

Many of the treasures were never recovered. Kronberg Castle was eventually returned to the royal family and became a luxury hotel. View the Hesse family chart to see where Prince Wolfgang, a descendant of Kaiser Wilhelm, fits into the German royal line.

Dozens of friends, colleagues, and family members sent pleas for clemency in Watson’s case beginning with this letter from Lt. Col. H.T. Peery, a vice president at Bank of America. Ultimately, Watson was sentenced to three years, but paroled early. Nash received five years and Durant fifteen. More of the story can be found in the Hesse Crown Jewels Case description and, of course, within the documents themselves.

2 Million Contributions and Counting

March 12, 2012 by | 3 Comments

Not long ago we passed an important milestone and wanted to thank you for your help getting there. Fold3 members have now made over 2 million contributions to images and memorial pages on the site. Each contribution makes things easier to find, makes connections clearer and enriches the site.

Some members like vbettspatootie63aircraftclocks and others have made thousands of contributions.

We have a few great projects underway.  The Lowcountry Africana group is indexing records from the South Carolina Estate Inventories and Bills of Sale, 1732-1872 and a group of NARA Volunteers is keying the captions from the Vietnam War photos.

We also have thousands of members who make the occasional contribution that relates to their research.

They may add valuable information that’s not available on the image:

or annotate a name, date or place which will help others find what they are looking for:

or add a picture that brings life to a Memorial Page:

Each contribution, big or small, makes a difference.  Thank You.

To learn more about how you can contribute to Fold3, visit the Training Center.

Women’s History Month

March 1, 2012 by | 1 Comment

Nurses from the Air Evacuation Unit—1944 WWII

In 1987, Women’s History Week became Women’s History Month. Since then, March has been observed as a month-long tribute to women and their significant contributions in American history. Numerous records and stories on Fold3 make these contributions more evident.

Women have served the military since the Revolutionary War. While their roles were initially as nurses and laundresses, there are many noteworthy instances of women serving as spies, and as soldiers while disguised as men.

Records on Fold3 attest to women’s triumphs in many areas where they famously and infamously made a mark on history. Some of the more intriguing include former slave Cathay Williams who went undercover as a man named William Cathay to become a Buffalo Soldier.

Several Spotlights about women in the Civil War have been published by our Fold3 Team. Documents relating to these women, under their male guise, are also evident within the Civil War Collection and on this member’s memorial page: Women Soldiers of the Civil War. Other Fold3 titles, including references to photos, stories, and documents about contributions made by women can be found on this Women’s History Month member page.

Of course, since WWII, women have a more active and official role within the military, both in war and peace. The Library of Congress dedicates a special page within its Veterans History Project profiling “Women of Four Wars.” Those resources, used in tandem with the military collections on Fold3, represent a special tribute to Women’s History Month.

Index to Compiled Service Records of Union Soldiers

February 23, 2012 by | 8 Comments

As Fold3 continues to add valuable content to the Civil War Collection, we have started placing online the alphabetical card index to compiled service records of Union troops.

Index to Compiled Service Record

Index to Compiled Service Records of Union Soldiers

The first four states to go live are Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.

Each index card gives the name of a soldier, his rank, and the unit in which he served. Anyone looking for a Union a soldier in the Civil War will find these cards useful in identifying the state and regiment in which a man served and how his name appears in the military records. You can then locate his records to learn about his service in the war and the battles in which his regiment fought.

Beginning in 1890, Capt. Fred C. Ainsworth, head of the Record and Pension Division of the War Department, spearheaded an effort to create card abstracts of information from muster rolls, regimental returns, descriptive books, and other military records to build a compiled service record for each Union soldier. The index cards reference the resulting Civil War Service Records, many of which are also available on Fold3. As an example, the index card for Timothy Canty tells us that he served as a private and an artificer in Company A of the 1st New York Engineers. We can then find Canty’s service record as the 1st New York Engineers is one of regiments digitized on Fold3.

This new index, viewed as card images on Fold3, may be familiar to some. The National Park Service transcribed these cards, referred to as “General Index Cards,” and placed the data online in its Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. When searching for a soldier there, you are provided with a transcription, while Fold3′s images allow users to view the original card as well as determine the accuracy of the transcription. Once you find the soldier you’re looking for, you can connect his index card to his service record on Fold3, or contact NARA for copies of his documents.