We’ve updated our WWII Draft Registration Card collection and added records from Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, New Hampshire, Iowa, and Washington! We now have Draft Registration Cards from 38 states or regions in this collection!
There were seven draft registration periods in the United States
for World War II service. The first draft registration was held on October 16,
1940—before the United States had entered the war. Men ages 21—36 were required
to register at their local draft board. The second draft registration was also
held prior to the American entrance into the war, on July 1, 1941. This
registration was for men who had turned 21 since the previous registration date
nine months earlier.
The third (February 16, 1942) and fifth (June 30, 1942)
registration periods expanded the ages required to register; the age ranges for
the third were extended to 20–21 and 35–44, while the fifth extended them to
ages 18–20. The sixth registration (December 10–31, 1942) was for men who had
turned 18 since the fifth registration six months prior. There was also a
seventh registration, known as the “Extra Registration,” from November 16 to
December 31, 1943, which was for American men ages 18–44 who were living
abroad.
The cards from the fourth registration (April 27, 1942; for men
ages 45–64) are not included in the WWII Draft Registration Cards but in
Fold3’s WWII “Old Man’s Draft” Registration
Cards collection.
Information on the WWII Draft Registration Cards may include the
man’s name, address, telephone number, age, place of birth, country of
citizenship, name and address of the person who will always know the
registrant’s address, employer’s name, place of employment, and a description
of the registrant.
Pictured below is the draft card for Army Pfc. Clifford
M. Mills. He served in the 319th Glider Field Artillery Battalion,
82nd Airborne Division. In September 1944, Mills was reported MIA in
the vicinity of Wyler and Zyfflich, Germany. For more than 75 years, his
remains were unaccounted for until January 2019, when they were identified in
Belgium. He was returned to his hometown and buried in
Troy, Indiana.
On May 15, 1862, the Battle of Drewry’s Bluff, also known as
the Battle
of Fort Darling, was fought between Union and Confederate forces at a sharp
bend on the James River near Richmond, Virginia. Union forces were stationed aboard
warships in the river and Confederate forces were high on a fortified
bluff.
Richmond was the Confederate capital and vulnerable to
attack by the Union Army on land, and by the Union Navy through the navigable James
River. In March 1862, Confederate Captain Augustus
H. Drewry ordered the construction
of fortifications and the installation
of large guns on his
property, which was on a 90-foot bluff above the James River, and just
seven miles from Richmond.
C.S.S. Virginia
Early in May, Norfolk fell to Union forces and the Confederate
ship C.S.S.
Virginia, took refuge to avoid capture. This left the James River at
Hampton Roads exposed and open to Union warships. At Drewry’s Bluff, Confederate
forces filled
the river with underwater obstructions including debris, sunken
steamers, and pilings to prevent
Union ships from reaching Richmond. Then they took up defensive positions
in the fort and along the banks.
A detachment of Naval vessels took
advantage of the open waterway and made a push for Richmond. The USS
Monitor and USS Galena, and gunboats Aroostook, Port Royal, and Naugatuck
steamed up the James River. As they approached the bend at Drewry’s Bluff, they
encountered the obstacles and anchored just below the fort. The Galena opened
fire and the Confederates
responded. Armor
piercing shots penetrated the Galena causing extensive damage. The Monitor’s
armor was much thicker, allowing for the shots to ricochet off, but her
rotating guns were not able to raise at an angle high enough to fire on the
fort. The gunboats encountered problems too. The Port Royal was hit below the
water line and the Naugatuck’s gun burst. For more than three hours of intense
fire, the Galena took the brunt of the attack.
USS Monitor
U.S. Marine John F. Mackie was aboard the Galena and watched as one by one, the naval gun crew was either wounded or killed. Mackie commanded a dozen Marines on the gun deck and led his men to take over operation of the guns. For his “gallant conduct and services,” President Abraham Lincoln later bestowed the Medal of Honor upon Mackie. He is the first marine to receive that honor.
With Galena’s ammunition running low, the Union fleet
eventually retreated. Union troops counted 27 casualties, including 14 dead. Confederate
casualties were 15,
with seven dead. The Confederates successfully prevented the Union Navy
from reaching Richmond. To learn more about the Battle of Drewry’s Bluff and
other Civil War battles, search Fold3 today!
April 12, 2019 by Jenny Ashcraft |
Comments Off on Search Updates
At Fold3, we’ve recently launched powerful new updates to our search engine. Our updates are designed to help you navigate through more than 500 million records with a series of filters including name, date, place, military (including branch, conflict, service number, etc.) and additional filters to help you quickly locate the records you’re looking for.
Search Techniques and Tips:
From the home page, click “Search” on the top
bar. Just start typing a name, date, place, or other search term in the search
box and see how it gives you hints to guide you along. For example, type a name
and select “Name” from the hint box that appears. To enter a date, type “Date”
and select the type of date you want to search on, then enter the date itself.
Multiple search terms can be added to narrow down your search, and you can
always edit the terms you have entered.
Start your search with broad perimeters, and
then narrow it down for the best results.
Notice that we also have a list of search
filters on the left-hand side of the screen. As you enter search terms this
list will shrink as it shows you what is available based upon your current
search.
Keep in mind that many of our records are
scanned with optical character recognition (OCR) that converts images into
encoded text. That means when you perform a search, the highest probably
matches appear above a bar, while results less likely to match your search parameters
are found below the bar. You might be tempted to ignore the results below the
bar, but valuable search results might be available if you dig a little deeper.
To omit a certain publication from your search
results, click on the down arrow on the far right of one of these results and
click “Exclude all results from this publication.”
After you have located records, you’ll want to
keep them easily accessible. Consider creating a Memorial and attach your
records to that Memorial. As always, records and/or Memorials can be attached
to your Ancestry Tree.
To watch a video tutorial on our new search
engine, click
here to access the Fold3 Training Center!
As a member of the Fold3 team, I’m always looking for ways
to personalize a story to show how our military records are much more than just
records. They represent lives, sacrifice, and service. When I started
researching this month’s blog post, I had no idea the personal angle I would
find would be my own. This is the story of how I learned that my grandfather
helped liberate Ohrdruf concentration camp.
Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower, George Patton and Omar Bradley visit Ohrdruf
On April 4, 1945, Ohrdruf concentration camp
became the first camp liberated by U.S. troops during WWII. Ohrdruf was a
subcamp of Buchenwald and was located near the town of Gotha, Germany. As the 4th
Armored Division and the 89th Infantry of the Third US Army
approached the gates at Ohrdruf, the sights that greeted soldiers shocked them
and defied description.
Don Timmer, an 18-year-old private in the
89th
Infantry Division described his experience. “We drove in and between
the gate and the barracks were 30 dead…the blood still wet from departing German
guards.” Bodies were piled
in a shed and others
partially incinerated on pyres. Timmer had taken German in high
school and acted as an interpreter as prisoners shared tales of unspeakable
horror. General George
S. Patton arrived at Ohrdruf and was so sickened by what he saw that
he threw up. General Dwight D. Eisenhower flew
from Belgium to witness the carnage firsthand. According to Timmer, “Even Ike
looked pale, and he wasn’t a pale guy.”
The sights and smells of the camp left
indelible marks on the soldiers who were there. I know, because my grandfather
LaMar
Norton was one of the liberators and his experiences were so
difficult to share, that most of the family wasn’t aware of this remarkable
fact. He was unable to talk about the war without his eyes brimming with tears.
LaMar served in the Fourth Armoured Division, Third Army, Company C, during the
Battle of the Bulge. He suffered from PTSD after the war and was known to duck
and cover during a clap of thunder or when a balloon popped. We knew he’d seen
atrocities, but he never shared the details, and everyone learned not to ask.
He passed away in 1996
leaving us with unanswered questions.
Pfc. LaMar Norton
To honor his service, I’ve recently been curating content to
create a Memorial
for him on Fold3. I reached out to extended family asking for any photographs
or stories that could be included. At the same time, I was simultaneously
researching the liberation of Ohrdruf. One morning I woke to a message from a
second cousin. She had an old,
typed history of my grandfather’s service that his brother had compiled.
I anxiously read it and my heart skipped a beat when I came to the paragraph
where he described helping to liberate Ohrdruf. I suddenly realized that the
story I had spent hours researching, was my really my story and my history.
According to LaMar, the Americans could smell Ohrdruf before
they saw it. The approaching Army had prompted the Germans to flee, but not
before shooting as many prisoners as possible. When the Americans arrived, the
ground was still wet with blood. LaMar said there were 27
bodies out in the yard and a few more by the gate and at least one
body was that of an American. “This American pilot had been carried outside on
a stretcher and shot in the head,” he said. As US Soldiers tried to process
what they were seeing, military officials told them to leave everything
untouched. General Patton wanted the scene documented for possible future war
crimes trials.
General Patton insisted that the mayor of the town of Ohrdruf
and his wife tour the camp to see for themselves the atrocities committed by
their countrymen. The next morning, they were both found
hanging from an apparent suicide. A note left nearby said, “We didn’t know. But
we knew.”
Though Ohrdruf was the first
concentration camp liberated in April 1945, it wasn’t the last. Before the
month was through, at least eight other concentration camps were liberated by
Allied forces including Buchenwald, Dora-Mittelbau,
Westerbork,
Bergen-Belsen,
Sachsenhausen,
Flossenburg,
Ravensbruck,
and Dachau.
On May 7, 1945, Germany
unconditionally surrendered to Allied forces clearing the way to bring
an end to WWII. My grandfather was discharged in October and came home a
changed man. Along with many others, he spent the rest of his life trying to
make sense of what he’d seen and experienced at Ohrdruf.
If you would like to learn more about the
liberation of concentration camps during WWII, search Fold3
today.
Do you have an ancestor that fought for the Confederacy
during the Civil War? Our Confederate Letters, 1861-1865, is a collection of
letters received in the Office of the Confederate Adjutant and Inspector
General from April 1861 – April 1865. The collection is organized first by date,
and then by the last name. The letters are 150-year-old manuscripts, but a
little digging can unearth historical gold!
For example, this
letter dated May 23, 1862, is from Samuel Morgan of Spartanburg,
South Carolina. He owned a tannery and was requesting that his employee, John
Barry, be excused from the mandatory conscription law. At the time, male
citizens between the ages of 18-35 were required to register. Said Morgan, “John
Barry is a Tanner by trade and is in my Employ at the head of an
extensive Tannery and cannot be sepperated from it without material Injury to
the success.” He further argued, “The
successful opperation of this yard is of great importance to the
country and especially to the army as a great many soldiers are now being
supplied.” The letter contained the signatures of nine additional men
certifying the truth of Morgan’s argument.
In this
letter from Tallahassee, Florida, dated June 20, 1862, Capt. E. C.
Simpkins outlined charges against Maj.
John G. Barnwell for abandoning his post at New Smyrna, Georgia.
According to the charges, Barnwell sailed to New Smyrna aboard the steamers Kate and Cecile and ordered troops to leave their post. He then traveled
towards Tallahassee inviting everyone he saw to “Take
what they could carry off in their hands. That there were Splendid
Guns, Swords, and Pistols, Shoes, Blankets, which could be had for the taking…”
Interestingly, a newspaper
clipping from 1861, noted that Maj. Barnwell had “Devoted much of
his life to the artillery service, having commanded a volunteer corps in his
native parish for twenty odd years; he is a planter of great experience, and
enjoys the entire confidence of his section.” Barnwell must have been found
innocent because in a subsequent newspaper clipping
from 1864, Maj. Barnwell is working as an ordinance officer.
Braxton Bragg was a senior officer in the Confederate States
Army. In June 1862, he wrote
a letter to General Samuel Cooper expressing the urgent need to
complete a rail line between Meridian, Mississippi and Selma, Alabama. “That
connexion is one of such vital military necessity and so immediately
affecting military operations, in the Department entrusted to me, that I feel
it my duty to Communicate frankly my views, for the information and
Consideration of the Department,” Braxton wrote.
About two months before the war came to an end, letters show
the Confederate defense beginning
to unravel. In this
letter dated February 15, 1865, the mayor of Charlotte, North
Carolina, wrote to the Secretary of War asking that a group of paroled Union
soldiers be removed from their city. “We have now deposited here for safety
some millions of specie*, the property of the Gov’t., and the specie and money
of the Banks. A regt. of paroled Yankees called the Foreign Legion has been
quartered here and have to day pillaged several houses and committed robbery in
open day. Will you order them to be removed, or shall they destroy the public
property,” wrote Mayor S. A. Harris.
This collection of Confederate Letters between 1861-1865 is
a great way to research ancestors that served in the Confederacy and to
document the history of the Civil War. Start searching the collection
today on Fold3!
* Specie is money in the form of coins rather than notes.
Military records are a rich resource for genealogical and historical research. They are advanced records, meaning that unlike vital records that push the door wide open with a neatly packaged birth and death dates, military records sometimes require you enter through the side window! Once you find records, they provide a rich and powerful narrative of military service. At Fold3, we find similar questions posed repeatedly by researchers and hope to answer a few of them here:
Sam Carlson, US Navy – WWI
Military Records for
Service After 1957: Due to the Privacy Act, these records are only
available to the veteran or next-of-kin from the National Personnel Records
Center (NPRC). On Fold3, we have selected records and photographs from recent
wars along with powerful content available on personal Memorials.
The 1973 Fire at the
NPRC: On July 12, 1973, a massive fire broke out at the NPRC in St. Louis,
MO. It burned for 22 hours and destroyed 16-18 million military files. Records
affected included 80% of Army files for Personnel discharged between November
1912 – January 1960; and 75% of Air Force files for Personnel discharged
September 1947 – January 1964. No duplicate copies of these records were ever
maintained. These lost records certainly present a roadblock, but other
available record sets can help you construct a military history.
Widow’s Pension File Benjamin W. Hallett – War of 1812
For example, if you are searching for a WWII veteran, you
might search for records like Unit Histories, Missing Air Crew Reports, Draft
Registration Cards, WWII Diaries or Air Force photos. Keep in mind that until
1947, the US Air Force was part of the US Army (United States Army Air Force –
USAAF).
Navy Muster Rolls recorded the movements of troops on
transport ships even if they didn’t serve in Navy; and if you know the infantry
regiment or battalion your ancestor served in, that information can also open
research avenues.
Amazing records are available in our collections of Casualty Lists, European Theater Army Records or user-contributed information found on Memorial pages among others. In addition, soldiers were asked to file discharge documents in the county where they resided. Contacting county records departments might also unlock a roadblock. Good luck with your military records research! Fold3 has over five hundred million military records available online to help. Visit Fold3 today!
Do you have a Unit History or a military yearbook? At Fold3, we love to collect these records. They are a rich, detailed source of military service. If you have one, we can digitize it and return it to you intact. Please reach out to us at [email protected].
In 1941, Representative Edith Nourse Rogers of
Massachusetts introduced a bill to create the Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps
(WAAC). Rogers had witnessed first-hand the contributions of women during WWI,
and the lack of government benefits available to them. She intended to create
legislation to change that.
WAAC Recruitment Poster
Meanwhile, military leaders approached Oveta Culp
Hobby asking for suggestions on how the military might organize an
auxiliary branch for women. Hobby was busy with other responsibilities but
reluctantly agreed to prepare a potential organization chart. In December 1941,
the attack on Pearl Harbor brought a sense of urgency to the work of both women.
On May 14, 1942, the WAAC bill passed and Hobby was named WAAC director.
The first
WAAC training center was established at Fort
Des Moines, Iowa. Anxious to serve, nearly 35,000 women applied for
1,000 open spots. Applicants were
required to be US citizens, between the ages of 21-45 without
dependents, at least 5-feet tall, and weighing a minimum of 100 lbs. WAACs were
an auxiliary of the Army, meaning they would receive living quarters, uniforms,
pay, and food, but would not receive overseas pay, life insurance, and death
benefits. WAACs immediately set about training to free
up positions held by male soldiers, enabling them to go overseas and
fight.
In 1943, Rep. Rogers introduced
legislation to convert the WAAC into the Women’s Army Corps (WAC),
making the WAC part of the regular Army. Women would receive a rank, pay, and
benefits equal to their male counterparts. The bill passed and Director Hobby received
a promotion to the rank of colonel.
When the war came to a close, most
WACs returned home, although a few stayed as part of the occupying
force. More than 150,000 WACs served during WWII and their contributions changed
the tides of history. To learn more about the WAC, search
Fold3 today!
